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Frederic Lens

Frederic Lens

“I am fascinated by the endless variation of life forms in flowering plants and its evolutionary adaptive significance”. My background is comparative wood anatomy, and later I learned how to functionally interpret wood anatomical observations with respect to drought stress resistance using water flow measurements in stems. As an evolutionary biologist, I am eager to better understand why plants became woody during evolutionary history. By combining models of evolution and ecology with experimental work, this multidisciplinary project will hopefully revolutionise our understanding of wood formation, one of the most fundamental evolutionary innovations on Earth. 

Keywords

Derived woodiness, drought stress resistance, evolution of woodiness, hydraulic failure, insular woodiness, molecular wood pathway, wood anatomy

Dr. Frederic Lens

Senior researcher
Understanding evolution

frederic.lens@naturalis.nl
+31 (0)71 7519320
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Plant Anatomy
Evolution of Woodiness

Why do plants reinvent woodiness that was once lost in their herbaceous ancestors?

I discovered that transitions from herbaceousness towards derived woodiness have happened at least 600 times independently during evolutionary history of flowering plants. This raises the intriguing question which environmental factors triggered wood formation in these hundreds of lineages, and what are the key genes that turn on the wood pathway in derived woody plants? 

Wood anatomical cross sections
This is Frederic Lens holding a giant woody cabbage

Current
topics

A selection of the topics I am working on currently.

Derived woodiness

Derived woodiness

Why plants became woody during evolutionary history? As an evolutionary biologist, I am fascinated to understand the frequent habit transitions towards the woody growth form during evolutionary history of flowering plants.
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Structure-function relationships in plants

Structure-function relationships in plants

Which stem anatomical characters drive drought resistance? Hydraulic failure is one of the prime mechanisms underlying drought-induced mortality in plants, and corresponds to the disruption of water transport in embolized xylem conduits when plants face…
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QTL experiment in Brassica oleracea

QTL experiment in Brassica oleracea

Why are there so many phenotypic differences between woody and herbaceous species? To this day, scientists have failed to provide satisfying answers. We have crossed a tall, woody, late flowering cabbage accession (Jersey kale) with a small, rapid…
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Identification of traded wood samples

Identification of traded wood samples

Wood anatomy meets machine vision as a tool to fight illegal logging Automated species identification has been a dream for scientists for centuries. For timber identification, the wealth of wood anatomical variation between species (see picture) remains…
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Key
publications

  • Dória L.C., Podadera D.S., del Arco M., Chauvin T., Smets E., Delzon S., Lens F. 2018. Insular woody daisies (Argyranthemum, Asteraceae) are more resistant to drought-induced hydraulic failure than their herbaceous relatives. Functional Ecology 32: 1467-1478.
  • Lens F., Picon-Cochard C., Delmas C., Signarbieux C., Buttler A., Jansen S., Chauvin T., Chacon Dória L., del Arco M., Cochard H., Delzon S. 2016. Herbaceous angiosperms are not more vulnerable to drought-induced embolism than angiosperm trees. Plant Physiology 172: 661-667.
  • Choat B., Jansen S., Brodribb T.J., Cochard H., Delzon S., Bhaskar R., Bucci S., Feild T.S., Gleason S.M., Hacke U.G., Jacobsen A.L., Lens F., Maherali H., Martinez-Vilalta J., Mayr S., Mencuccini M., Mitchell P.J., Nardini A., Pittermann J., Pratt R.B., Sperry J.S., Westoby M., Wright I.J., Zanne A. 2012. Global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought. Nature 491: 752-756.
  • Lens F., Sperry J.S., Christman M.A., Choat B., Rabaey D., Jansen S. 2011. Testing hypotheses that link wood anatomy to cavitation resistance and hydraulic conductivity in the genus Acer. New Phytologist 190: 709-723.
  • Melzer S., Lens F., Gennen J., Vanneste S., Rhode A., Beeckman T. 2008. Flowering-time genes modulate meristem determinacy and growth form in Arabidopsis. Nature Genetics 40: 1489-1492.

PhD and postdoc
supervision

Naturalis aims to be a breeding ground for international scientific talent. Therefore, PhD's and postdocs have a special position in our organisation.

    • Alex Zizka - postdoc - Reaching for the sky: Unravelling global patterns and processes to explain convergent evolution of woodiness in angiosperms
    • Maximilian Larter - postdoc - Herb hydraulics: testing the role of root pressure to unravel the dynamics of drought- induced vascular dysfunction in stems
    • Dória Chacon Larissa - PhD - Functional xylem anatomy: intra and interspecific variation in stems of herbaceous and woody species)
    • Jahanbanifard Mehrdad - PhD - Identification of ebony woods used in music instruments based on computational phenotyping and chemical profiling
    • Thonglim Ajaree - PhD - Embolism resistance in stems and leaves of Brassicaceae
    view Teide Echium wildprettii

    Teaching
    activities

    • BSc: Biodiversity of Plants - Tree of Life (plant anatomy), Leiden Univ.
    • BSc: MINOR Scales in Biodiversity (integrated wood anatomy), Leiden Univ.
    • MSc: Evolutionary Developments (derived woodiness), Leiden Univ.

    In the
    media

    • The potential implication of making crops more woody (in Dutch)
    • Forests suffer from drought stress (in English)
    • Compilation of global functional trait TRY database (in English)
    • Woody Arabidopsis mutant (in English)
    Euphorbia canariensis

    Publications

    2019

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Dória L.C., Podadera D.S., Lima R.S., Lens, F., Marcati, C.R. 2019. Axial sampling height outperforms site as predictor of wood trait variation. IAWA Journal 40 (2) : 191-214.
    Medeiros J.S., Lens F., Maherali H., Jansen S. 2019. Vestured pits and scalariform perforation plate morphology modify the relationships between angiosperm vessel diameter, climate and maximum plant height. New Phytologist 221 (4) : 1802-1813.
    Trueba S., Delzon S., Isnard S., Lens F. 2019. Similar hydraulic efficiency and safety across vesselless angiosperms and vessel-bearing species with scalariform perforation plates. Journal of Experimental Botany 70 (12) : 3227-3240.
    2018

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Pfautsch S., Aspinwall M.J., Drake J.E., Chacon Dória L., Langelaan R.J.A., Tissue D.T., Tjoelker M.G., Lens F. 2018. Traits and trade-offs in whole-tree hydraulic architecture along the vertical axis of Eucalyptus grandis. Annals of Botany 121: 129-141.
    Osorio L., Trujillo E., Lens F., Ivens J., Vuure A.W. van, Verpoest I. 2018. In-depth study of the microstructure of bamboo fibres and their relation to the mechanical properties. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 37 (17) : 1099-1113.
    Ahmad H.B., Lens F., Capdeville G., Burlett R., Lamarque L.J., Delzon S. 2018. Intraspecific variation in embolism resistance and stem anatomy across four sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) accessions. Physiologia Plantarum 163: 59-72.
    Bruelheide H., Dengler J., Purschke O., Lenoir J., Jiménez-Alfaro B., Hennekens S.M., Botta-Dukát Z., Chytrý M., Field R., Jansen F., Kattge J., Pillar V.D., Schrodt F., Mahecha M., Peet R.K., Sandel B., van Bodegom P., Altman J., Alvarez Davila E., Arfin Khan M.A.S., Attorre F., Aubin I., Baraloto C., Barroso J.G., Bauters M., Bergmeier E., Biurrun I., Bjorkman A.D., Blonder B., Čarni A., Cayuela L., Černý T., Cornelissen J.H.C., Craven D., Dainese M., Derroire G., De Sanctis M., Díaz S., Doležal J., Farfan-Rios W., Feldpausch T.R., Fenton N.J., Garnier E., Guerin G.R., Gutiérrez A.G., Haider S., Hattab T., Henry G., Hérault B., Higuchi P., Hölzel N., Homeier J., Jentsch A., Jürgens N., Kącki Z., Karger D.N., Kessler M., Kleyer M., Knollová I., Korolyuk A.Y., Kühn I., Laughlin D.C., Lens F., Loos J., Louault F., Lyubenova M.I., Malhi Y., Marcenò C., Mencuccini M., Müller J.V., Munzinger J., Myers-Smith I.H., Neill D.A., Niinemets Ü., Orwin K.H., Ozinga W.A., Penuelas J., Pérez-Haase A., Petřík P., Phillips O.L., Pärtel M., Reich P.B., Römermann C., Rodrigues A.V., Sabatini F.M., Sardans J., Schmidt M., Seidler G., Silva Espejo J.E., Silveira M., Smyth A., Sporbert M., Svenning J.-C., Tang Z., Thomas R., Tsiripidis I., Vassilev K., Violle C., Virtanen R., Weiher E., Welk E., Wesche K., Winter M., Wirth C., Jandt U. 2018. Global trait-environment relationships of plant communities. Nature Ecology & Evolution 2: 1906-1917.
    Doria L.C., Podadera D.S., del Arco M., Chauvin T., Smets E., Delzon S., Lens F. 2018. Insular woody daisies (Argyranthemum, Asteraceae) are more resistant to drought-induced hydraulic failure than their herbaceous relatives. Functional Ecology 32: 1467-1478.
    Volaire F., Lens F., Cochard H., Xu H., Chacon-Doria L., Bristiel P., Balachowski J., Rowe N., Violle C., Picon-Cochard C. 2018. Embolism and mechanical resistances play a key role in dehydration tolerance of a perennial grass Dactylis glomerata L.. Annals of Botany: 1-12.
    Mrad A., Domec J.-C., Huang C.-W., Lens F., Katul G. 2018. A network model links wood anatomy to xylem tissue hydraulic behaviour and vulnerability to cavitation. Plant, Cell & Environment 41 (12) : 2718-2730.
    2017

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Trueba S., Pouteau R., Lens F., Field T.S., Isnard S., Olson M.E., Delzon S. 2017. Vulnerability to xylem embolism as a major correlate of the environmental distribution of rain forest species on a tropical island. Plant, Cell & Environment 40: 277-289.
    Cailleret M., Jansen S., Robert E.M.R., DeSoto L., Aakala T., Antos J., Beikircher B., Bigler C., Bugmann H., Caccianiga M., Cada V., Camarero J.J., Cherubini P., Cochard H., Coyea M., Cufar K., Das A., Davi H., Delzon S., Dorman M., Gea-Izquierdo G., Gillner S., Haavik L.J., Hartmann H., Heres A.M., Hultine K., Janda P., Kane J., Kharuk V.I., Kitzberger T., Klein T., Kramer K., Lens F., Levanic T., Linares Calderon C.J.C., Lloret F., Lobo-Do-Vale R., Lombardi F.C., Lopez Rodriguez R., Makinen H., Mayr S., Mészáros I., Metsaranta J.M., Minunno F., Oberhuber W., Ojeda V.S., Papadopoulos A., Peltoniemi M., Petritan A.M., Rohner B., Sangüesa-Barreda G., Sarris D., Smith J.M., Stan A., Sterck F., Stojanovic D., Suarez M.L., Svoboda M., Tognetti R., Torres-Ruiz J., Trotsiuk V., Villalba R., Vodde F., Westwood A., Wyckoff P., Zafirov N., Martínez-Vilalta J. 2017. A global synthesis of radial growth patterns preceding tree mortality. Global Change Biology 23: 1675–1690.
    Neupane S., Lewis P.O., Dessein S., Shanks H., Paudyal S., Lens F. 2017. Evolution of woody life form on tropical mountains in the tribe Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae). American Journal of Botany 104: 419–438.
    Schwallier R., Gravendeel B., de Boer H., van Heuven B.J., Sieder A., Sumail S., van Vugt R., Nylinder S., Lens F. 2017. Evolution of wood anatomical characters in Nepenthes and close relatives of Caryophyllales. Annals of Botany 119: 1179-1193.
    2016

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Angyalossy V., Pace M.R., Evert R.F., Marcati C.R., Oskolski A.A., Terrazas T., Kotina E., Lens F., Mazzoni-Viveiros S.C., Angeles G., Machado S.R., Crivellaro A., Rao K.S., Junikka L., Nikolaeva N., Baas P. 2016. IAWA List of Microscopic Bark Features. IAWA Journal 37: 517-615.
    Davin N., Edger P.P., Hefer C.A., Mizrachi E., Schuetz M., Smets E., Myburg A.A., Douglas C.J., Schranz M.E., Lens F. 2016. Functional network analysis of genes differentially expressed during xylogenesis in soc1ful woody Arabidopsis plants.. Plant Journal 86: 376-390.
    http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tpj.13157/epdf
    Li S., Lens F., Espino S., Karimi Z., Klepsch M., Schenk H.J., Schmitt M., Schuldt B., Jansen S. 2016. Intervessel pit membrane thickness as a key determinant of embolism resistance in angiosperm xylem. IAWA Journal 37: 152-171.
    Gleason S.M., Westoby M., Jansen S., Choat B., Hacke U.G., Pratt R.B., Bhaskar R., Brodribb T.J., Bucci S.J., Cao K-F., Cochard H., Delzon S., Domec J-C., Fan Z-X., Field T.S., Jacobsen A.L., Johnson D.M., Lens F., Maherali H., Martínez-Vilalta J., Mayr S., McCulloh K.A., Mencuccini M., Mitchell P.J., Morris H., Nardini A., Pittermann J., Plavcová L., Schreiber S.G., Sperry J.S., Wright I.J., Zanne A.E. 2016. Weak tradeoff between xylem safety and xylem-specific hydraulic efficiency across the world’s woody plant species. New Phytologist 209: 13 p. 123-136.
    Gleason S.M., Westoby M., Jansen S., Choat B., Brodribb T.J., Cochard H., Delzon S., Hacke U.G., Jacobsen A.L., Johnson D.M., Lens F., Maherali H., Martínez-Vilalta J., Mayr S., McCulloh K.A., Morris H., Nardini A., Plavcová L., Pratt R.B., Schreiber S.G., Zanne A.E. 2016. On research priorities to advance understanding of the safety-efficiency tradeoff in xylem. A response to Bittencourt et al.’s (2016) comment ‘On xylem hydraulic efficiencies, wood space-use and the safety–efficiency tradeoff’: in this issue of New Phytologist, pp. 1152–1155. New Phytologist 211 (4) : 1156–1158.
    Kidner C., Groover A., Thomas D., Emelianova K., Soliz-Gamboa C., Lens F. 2016. First steps in studying the origins of secondary woodiness in Begonia (Begoniaceae): combining anatomy, phylogenetics, and stem transcriptomics. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 117: 17 p. 121-138.
    Lens F., Vos R., Charrier G., Niet T. van der, Merckx V., Baas P., Aguirre Gutierrez J., Jacobs B., Chacon Doria L., Smets E., Delzon S., Janssens S. 2016. Scalariform-to-simple transition in vessel perforation plates triggered by differences in climate during the evolution of Adoxaceae. Annals of Botany 118 (5) : 1043-1056.
    Lens F., Picon-Cochard C., Delmas C., Signarbieux C., Buttler A., Jansen S., Chauvin T., Chacon Doria L., Arco M. del, Cochard H., Delzon S. 2016. Herbaceous angiosperms are not more vulnerable to drought-induced embolism than angiosperm trees.. Plant Physiology 172: 661-667.
    2015

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Merckx V.S.F.T., Hendriks K.P., Beentjes K.K., Mennes C.B., Becking L.E., Peijnenburg K.T.C.A., Afendy A., Arumugam N., de Boer H., Biun A., Buang M.M., Chen P.-P., Chung A.Y.C., Dow R., Feijen F.A.A., Feijen H., Feijen-van Soest C, Geml J., Geurts R., Gravendeel B., Hovenkamp P., Imbun P., Ipor I., Janssens S.B., Jocqué M. Kappes H., Khoo E., Koomen P., Lens F., Majapun R.J., Morgado L.N., Neupane S., Nieser N., Pereira J.T., Rahman H., Sabran S., Sawang A., Schwallier R.M., Shim P.-S., Smit H., Sol N., Spait M., Stech M., Stokvis F., Sugau J.B., Suleiman M., Sumail S., Thomas D.C., van Tol J., Tuh F.Y.Y., Yahya B.E., Nais J., Repin R., Lakim M. & Schilthuizen M. 2015. Evolution of endemism on a young tropical mountain. Nature 524 (7565) : 347-350.
    2014

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Zhang N.W., Zhao J.J., Lens F., Visser J. de, Menamo T., Fang W., Xiao D., Bucher J., Basnet R.K., Lin K., Cheng F., Wang X.W., Bonnema G. 2014. Morphology, carbohydrate composition and vernalization response in a genetically diverse collection of Asian and European turnips (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa). PLOS ONE 9 (12) : e114241.
    2013

    Books as editor

    Baas P., Battipaglia G., Micco V. De, Lens F., Wheeler E. (eds.) 2013. Wood structure in plant biology and ecology. IAWA Journal. 34: 180 p. BRILL, Leiden, The Netherlands. ISBN 9789004265592.

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Lens F., Davin N., Smets E., Arco M. del 2013. Insular woodiness on the Canary Islands: a remarkable case of convergent evolution. International Journal of Plant Sciences 174 (7) : 138 p. 992-1013. The University of Chicago Press.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/453855
    Lens F., Tixier A., Cochard H., Sperry J.S., Jansen S., Herbette S. 2013. Embolism resistance as a key mechanism to understand adaptive plant strategies. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 16 (3) : 287-292.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/453852
    Eurlings M.C.M., Lens F., Pakusza C., Peelen T., Wieringa J.J., Gravendeel B. 2013. Forensic identification of Indian Snakeroot (Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. ex Kurz) using DNA barcoding. Journal of Forensic Sciences 58 (3) : 822-830.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/453842
    2012

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Lens F., Eeckhout S., Zwartjes R., Smets E., Janssens S.B. 2012. The multiple fuzzy origins of woodiness within Balsaminaceae using an integrated approach. Where do we draw the line? Annals of Botany 109 (4) : 783-799.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/429514
    Choat B., Jansen S., Brodribb T.J., Cochard H., Delzon S., Bhaskar R., Bucci S.J., Feild T.S., Gleason S.M., Hacke U.G., Jacobsen A.L., Lens F., Maherali H., Martinez-Vilalta J., Mayr S., Mencuccini M., Mitchell P.J., Nardini A., Pittermann J., Pratt R.B., Sperry J.S., Westoby M., Wright I.J., Zanne A.E. 2012. Global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought. Nature 491 (7426) : 752-756.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/453830
    Lens F., Cooper L., Gandolfo M.A., Groover A., Jaiswal P., Lachenbruch B., Spicer R., Staton M.E., Stevenson D.W., Walls R.L., Wegrzyn J. 2012. An extension of the plant ontology project supporting wood anatomy and development research. IAWA Journal 33 (2) : 113-117.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/429515
    2011

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Kattge J., Diaz S., Lavorel S., Prentice C., Leadley P., Boenisch G., Garnier E., Westoby M., Reich P.B., Wright I.J., Cornelissen J.H.C., Violle C., Harrison S.P., Bodegom P.M. van, Reichstein M., Enquist B.J., Soudzilovskaia N.A., Ackerly D.D., Anand M., Atkin O., Bahn M., Baker T.R., Baldocchi D., Bekker R., Blanco C.C., Blonder B., Bond W.J., Bradstock R., Bunker D.E., Casanoves F., Cavender-Bares J., Chambers J.Q., Chapin F.S. III, Chave J., Coomes D., Cornwell W.K., Craine J.M., Dobrin B.H., Duarte L., Durka W., Elser J., Esser G., Estiarte M., Fagan W.F., Fang J., Fernandez-Mendez F., Fidelis A., Finegan B., Flores O., Ford H., Frank D., Freschet G.T., Fyllas N.M., Gallagher R.V., Green W.A., Gutierrez A.G., Hickler T., Higgins S.I., Hodgson J.G., Jalili A., Jansen S., Joly C.A., Kerkhoff A.J., Kirkup D., Kitajima K., Kleyer M., Klotz S., Knops J.M.H., Kramer K., Kuehn I., Kurokawa H., Laughlin D., Lee T.D., Leishman M., Lens F., Lenz T., Lewis S.L., Lloyd J., Llusia J., Louault F., Ma S., Mahecha M.D., Manning P., Massad T., Medlyn B.E., Messier J., Moles A.T., Mueller S.C., Nadrowski K., Naeem S., Niinemets U., Noellert S., Nueske A., Ogaya R., Oleksyn J., Onipchenko V.G., Onoda Y., Ordonez J., Overbeck G., Ozinga W.A., Patino S., Paula S., Pausas J.G., Penuelas J., Phillips O.L., Pillar V., Poorter H., Poorter L., Poschlod P., Prinzing A., Proulx R., Rammig A., Reinsch S., Reu B., Sack L., Salgado-Negre B., Sardans J., Shiodera S., Shipley B., Siefert A., Sosinski E., Soussana J.-F., Swaine E., Swenson N., Thompson K., Thornton P., Waldram M., Weiher E., White M., White S., Wright S.J., Yguel B., Zaehle S., Zanne A.E., Wirth C. 2011. TRY - a global database of plant traits. Global Change Biology 17 (9) : 2905-2935.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/423730
    Subedi A., Chaudhary R.P., Achterberg C. van, Heijerman Th., Lens F., Dooren T.J.M. van, Gravendeel B. 2011. Pollination and protection against herbivory of Nepalese Coelogyninae (Orchidaceae). American Journal of Botany 98 (7) : 1095-1103.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/430082
    Jansen S., Gortan E., Lens F., Gullo M.A. lo, Salleo S., Scholz A., Stein A., Trifilo P., Nardini A. 2011. Do quantitative vessel and pit characters account for ion-mediated changes in the hydraulic conductance of angiosperm xylem? New Phytologist 189 (1) : 218-228.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/423644
    Lens F., Sperry J.S., Christman M.A., Choat B., Rabaey D., Jansen S. 2011. Testing hypotheses that link wood anatomy to cavitation resistance and hydraulic conductivity in the genus Acer. New Phytologist 190 (3) : 709-723.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/429474
    2010

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    2009

    Chapters in book

    Lens F., Jansen S. 2009. Wood and Timber: Theophrastaceae. Series A: Phanerogams Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, UK.

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Lens F., Endress M.E., Baas P., Jansen S., Smets E. 2009. Vessel grouping patterns in subfamilies Apocynoideae and Periplocoideae confirm phylogenetic value of wood structure within Apocynaceae. American Journal of Botany 96 (12) : 2168-2183.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/424670
    Lens F., Groeninckx I., Smets E., Dessein S. 2009. Woodiness within the Spermacoceae–Knoxieae alliance (Rubiaceae): retention of the basal woody condition in Rubiaceae or recent innovation? Annals of Botany 103 (7) : 1049-1064.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/428974
    2008

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Lens F., Endress M.E., Baas P., Jansen S., Smets E. 2008. Wood anatomy of Rauvolfioideae (Apocynaceae): a search for meaningful non-DNA characters at the tribal level. American Journal of Botany 95 (10) : 1199-1215.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/424647
    Rabaey D., Huysmans S., Lens F., Smets E., Jansen S. 2008. Micromorphology and systematic distribution of pit membrane thickenings in Oleaceae: tori and pseudo-tori. IAWA Journal 29 (4) : 409-424.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/429536
    Rabaey D., Lens F., Huysmans S., Smets E., Jansen S. 2008. A comparative ultrastructural study of pit membranes with plasmodesmata associated thickenings in four angiosperm species. Protoplasma 233 (34) : 255-262.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/430078
    Lens F., Karehed J., Baas P., Jansen S., Rabaey D., Huysmans S., Hamann T., Smets E. 2008. The wood anatomy of the polyphyletic Icacinaceae s.l., and their relationships within asterids. Taxon 57 (2) : 525-552.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/424648
    Melzer S., Lens F., Gennen J., Vanneste S., Rohde A., Beeckman T. 2008. Flowering-time genes modulate meristem determinacy and growth form in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature Genetics 40 (12) : 1489-1492.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/429531
    2007

    Chapters in book

    Lens F., Jacobs B., Jansen S., Smets E. 2007. Practicumhandleiding Morfologie en Anatomie.: 94 p. III-94. Uitgeverij ACCO, Leuven, Belgium. ISBN 9789033465208.
    Baas P., Lens F., Wheeler E.A. 2007. Wood Anatomy. Apocynaceae (subfamilies Rauvolfioideae and Apocynoideae). 18 National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Leiden, The Netherlands.
    Smets E., Lens F. 2007. Figuren Morfologie.: 142 p. Uitgeverij ACCO, Leuven, Belgium. ISBN 9789033465208.
    Smets E., Lens F. 2007. Cursustekst Fysiologie.: 120 p. III-120. Uitgeverij ACCO, Leuven, Belgium. ISBN 9789033465208.
    Smets E., Lens F. 2007. Cursustekst Morfologie.: 114 p. IV-114. Uitgeverij ACCO, Leuven, Belgium. ISBN 9789033465208.

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Jansen S., Sano Y., Choat B., Rabaey D., Lens F., Dute R.R. 2007. Pit membranes in tracheary elements of Rosaceae and related families: New records of tori and pseudotori. American Journal of Botany 94 (4) : 503-514.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/423505
    2006

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    2005

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Lens F., Dressler S., Vinckier S., Janssens S., Dessein S., Evelghem L. Van, Smets E. 2005. Palynological variation in balsaminoid Ericales. I. Marcgraviaceae. Annals of Botany 96 (6) : 1047-1060.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/407283
    Janssens S., Lens F., Dressler S., Geuten K., Smets E., Vinckier S. 2005. Palynological variation in balsaminoid Ericales. II. Balsaminaceae, Tetrameristaceae, Pellicieraceae and general conclusions. Annals of Botany 96 (6) : 1061-1073.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/407278
    Dessein S., Ochoterena H., Block P. de, Lens F., Robbrecht E., Schols P., Smets E., Vinckier S., Huysmans S. 2005. Palynological characters and their phylogenetic signal in Rubiaceae. Botanical Review 71 (3) : 354-414.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/407298
    2004

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Jansen S., Watanabe T., Caris P., Geuten K., Lens F., Pyck N., Smets E. 2004. The distribution and phylogeny of aluminium accumulating plants in the ericales. Plant Biology 6 (4) : 498-505.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/431739
    Jansen S., Choat B., Vinckier S., Lens F., Schols P., Smets E. 2004. Intervascular pit membranes with a torus in the wood of Ulmus (Ulmaceae) and related genera. New Phytologist 163 (1) : 51-59.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/423388
    Lens F., Smets E., Jansen S. 2004. Comparative wood anatomy of Andromedeae s.s., Gaultherieae, Lyonieae and Oxydendreae (Vaccinioideae, Ericaceae s.l.). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 144 (2) : 161-179.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/424620
    Lens F., Luteyn J.L., Smets E., Jansen S. 2004. Ecological trends in the wood anatomy of Vaccinioideae (Ericaceae s.l.). Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 199 (4) : 309-319.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/424624
    Jansen S., Baas P., Gasson P., Lens F., Smets E. 2004. Variation in xylem structure from tropics to tundra: Evidence from vestured pits. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101 (23) : 8833-8837.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/423503
    Lens F., Kron K.A., Luteyn J.L., Smets E., Jansen S. 2004. Comparative wood anatomy of the blueberry tribe (Vaccinieae, Ericaceae s.l). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 91 (4) : 566-592.
    http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/423810
    2003

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    2001

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    2000

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed