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Leo Kriegsman

Leo Kriegsman

My research and teaching concern the deep and early Earth, because knowing the history of our planet will help making reasonable predictions about our future. After  studying geology in Utrecht and working in Mainz, Sydney and Leoben, I became Professor of Geology and Mineralogy at Turku University (Finland, 1998-2002). Right now I am senior researcher at Naturalis and guest lecturer at Utrecht University.

Keywords

Deep Earth, Precambrian, tectonics, metamorphism, crustal melting, geochronology, meteorites

Dr. Leo Kriegsman

Senior researcher geology
Taxonomy & systematics

leo.kriegsman@naturalis.nl
+31 6 47 8080 74

Precambrian geology

I study the first 88% of Earth’s history, the Precambrian, when Earth, the rest of the Solar System, and Life, all started, and when most mineral resources were formed.

Key events in the Precambrian include: (i) formation of the Solar System, including the Earth, and subsequent core-mantle separation (see Current Topic 1); (ii) growth and stabilisation of Earth’s crust and, eventually, the continents and oceans (see Current Topic 2); (iii) origin of life; (iv) making and breaking of supercontinents, global ice ages, rise of atmospheric oxygen; and much more. Some unresolved issues, figuring in my research and teaching, are the onset of modern plate tectonics, and the demise of greenstone belts (see Current Topic 3).

typical Precambrian gneiss, Munwatte, Sri Lanka

Current
topics

A selection of topics I am currently working on.

chondrule in Broek in Waterland meteorite

Dutch meteorites

Characterization of two new Dutch meteorites in our collections, namely the Diepenveen carbonaceous chrondrite and the Broek in Waterland ordinary chondrite. Both meteorites provide information on the early days of our Solar System. The first results on…
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spinel crystals in melted xenolith, Cerro del Hoyazo, Spain

Processes in deep, ultrahot crust

Deep crustal processes underneath active collisional mountain belts commonly involve high-temperature metamorphism and crustal melting, which has stabilized the crust in the early days of our planet. Research into such processes has brought me to Sri Lanka…
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open pit goldmine Suriname

Precambrian geology of Suriname

Since two years I work with staff and students from Utrecht University on age patterns (U-Pb zircon geochronology by LA-ICP-MS), tectonics and Au mineralisation of Suriname. We focus on the Precambrian geology of the Marowijne Greenstone Belt, one of the…
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Key
publications

  • Langbroek, M., Jenniskens, P., Kriegsman, L.M., et al., 2019. The CM carbonaceous chondrite regolith Diepenveen. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 31 pp., doi: 10.1111/maps.13297.
  • Dharmapriya, P.L., Malaviarachchi, S.P.K., Kriegsman, L.M., Galli, A., Sajeev, K., Zhang, C., 2017. New constraints on the P-T path of HT/UHT metapelites from the Highland Complex of Sri Lanka. Geoscience Frontiers 8(6): 1405-1430.
  • Álvarez-Valero, A.M., Kriegsman, L.M., 2007. Crustal thinning and mafic underplating beneath the Neogene Volcanic Province (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain): evidence from crustal xenoliths. Terra Nova, 19: 266-271.
  • Johannes, W., Ehlers, C., Kriegsman, L.M., Mengel, K., 2003. The link between migmatites and S-type granites in the Turku area, southern Finland. Lithos, 68: 69-90.
  • Cenki, B., Kriegsman, L.M., Braun, I., 2002. Melt-producing and melt-consuming reactions in anatectic granulites: P-T evolution of the Achankovil cordierite gneisses, South India. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 20: 543-561.
  • Kriegsman, L.M., 2001. Partial melting, partial melt extraction, and partial back reaction in anatectic migmatites. Lithos, 56: 75-96.
  • Kriegsman, L.M., Schumacher, J.C., 1999. Petrology of sapphirine-bearing granulites from Central Sri Lanka. Journal of Petrology, 40: 1211-1239.
  • Van Gool, J.A.M., Kriegsman, L.M., Marker, M., Nichols, G.T., 1998. Thick-skinned thrusting in the inner Nordre Strømfjord area, West Greenland: significance for the tectonic evolution of the Palaeoproterozoic Nagssugtoqidian orogen. Precambrian Research, 93: 71-85.
  • Kriegsman, L.M., Hensen, B. J., 1998. Back reaction between restite and melt: Implications for geothermobarometry and pressure-temperature paths. Geology, 26: 1111-1114.
  • Kriegsman, L.M., 1995. The Pan-African event in East Antarctica: a view from Sri Lanka and the Mozambique Belt. Precambrian Research, 75: 263-277.

 

PhD
supervision

The last young researcher to finish a PhD under my (co-)supervision was Prasanna Dharmapriya of Peradeniya University, Sri Lanka. He succesfully defended his PhD thesis on the ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism of Precambrian Sri Lanka and obtained his doctoral title on 14 December 2016. Prasanna is now a Lecturer at the same university.

    Another PhD researcher, Mahinda Ratnayake, whom I supervised in recent years and who worked at the Geological Survey and Mines Bureau in Colombo, sadly passed away March 2019. I dedicate the field picture in Sri Lanka to the memory of this kind colleague with whom I shared many field adventures.

    Mahinda Ratnayake (r.) and Leo Kriegsman (l.) studying a road section in Sri Lanka

    Teaching
    activities

    I regularly contribute to courses in three Dutch universities:

    • Utrecht: 8 hours within MSc course (GEO4-1403) Petrological and Geochemical Evolution of the Earth; 8 hours within MSc course (GEO4-1435) Advanced Mineralogy and Petrology
    • VU Amsterdam: 3 hours within MSc course (AM_450164) Precambrium Geology
    • Leiden: 4 hours within MSc course Palaeobiology; 2 weeks' excursion with 25 students to Normandy and Brittany, second half of August, as part of the honours' curriculum.
    • In June 2019, I will also co-supervise fieldwork with 40 first-year students  from Utrecht University in Aliaga, Spain.
    • Finally, I co-supervise several BSc and/or MSc students at Utrecht University each year.

    In the
    media

    De 1e aflevering (van 6) van de tv serie ‘Govert naar de grenzen van het heelal’ begon in Broek in Waterland waar Govert Schilling en ik spraken over de meteoriet met dezelfde naam. Dinsdag 14 Mei 2019 om 21:10 op NPO2.

    Te bekijken op  http://www.ntr.nl/govert.

    Leo Kriegsman met meteoriet

    Publications

    2020

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Naipal R., Zwaan J.C., Kroonenberg S.B., Kriegsman L.M., Mason P.R.D. 2020. Diamonds from the Nassau Mountains, Suriname. Journal of Gemmology -London- 37 (2) : 12 p. 180-191. DOI https://doi.org/10.15506/JoG.2020.37.2.180
    Dharmapriya P.L., Malaviarachchi S.P.K., Kriegsman L.M., Galli A., Dyck B., Sajeev K., Su B.X., Pitawala A. 2020. Symplectite growth in the presence of alkaline fluids. evidence from high-aluminous metasediments of the Highland Complex, Sri Lanka. Mineralogy and Petrology 114 (6) : 24 p. 515-538. Springer. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-020-00710-2
    2019

    Journals non-SCI, peer-reviewed

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Langbroek M., Jenniskens P., Kriegsman L.M., Nieuwenhuis H., De Kort N., Kuiper J., Van Westrenen W., Zolensky M.E., Ziegler K., Yin Q.-Z., Sanborn M.E., Wimpenny J., Yamakawa A., De Vet S.J., Meier M.M.M., Welten K.C., Nishiizumi K., Caffee M.W., Burton A.S., Dworkin J.P., Glavin D.P., Wu Q., Zare R.N., Ruf A., Harir M., Schmitt‐Kopplin P. 2019. The CM carbonaceous chondrite regolith Diepenveen. Meteoritics and Planetary Science 54 (7) : 31 p. 1431–1461. Wiley. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.13297
    Elabouyi M., Dahire M., Driouch Y., Duchêne S., Kriegsman L.M., Ntarmouchant A., Kahou Z.S., Severac J.L., Belkasmi M., Debat P. 2019. Crustal anatexis in the Aouli-Mibladen granitic complex: A window into the middle crust below the Moroccan Eastern Variscan Meseta. Journal of African Earth Sciences 154: 28 p. 136-163. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.03.006
    2017

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Dharmapriya P.L., Malaviarachchi S.P.K., Kriegsman L.M., Sajeev K., Galli A., Osanai Y., Subasinghe N.D., Dissanayake C.B. 2017. Distinct metamorphic evolution of alternating silica-saturated and silica-deficient microdomains within garnet in ultrahigh-temperature granulites. An example from Sri Lanka. Geoscience Frontiers 8 (5) : 19 p. 1115-1133. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2016.11.008
    Driouch Y., Debat P., Ganne J., Béziat D., Kriegsman L.M., Martignole, J. 2017. The cordierite-orthoamphibole rocks of the Variscan Dome of Gavarnie-Gèdre-Héas: the gedrite of Gèdre (Hautes Pyrénées, France). Canadian Mineralogist 55 (2) : 37 p. 245-281. Mineralogical Association of Canada. DOI https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.1600032
    Dharmapriya P.L., Malaviarachchi S.P.K., Kriegsman L.M., Galli A., Sajeev K., Zhang, C. 2017. New constraints on the P-T path of HT/UHT metapelites from the Highland Complex of Sri Lanka. Geoscience Frontiers 8 (6) : 26 p. 1405-1430. Elsevier. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2016.12.005
    Werf Th. van der, Chatzaras V., Kriegsman L.M., Kronenberg A. Tikoff B., Drury M.R., 2017. Constraints on the rheology of lower crust in a strike-slip plate boundary: Evidence from the San Quintin xenoliths, Baja California, Mexico. Solid Earth 8: 29 p. 1211-1239. Copernicus Publications. DOI https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-1211-2017
    2015

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Alvarez-Valero A.M., Pla F., Kriegsman L.M., Geyer A., Herrero H. 2015. Observing silicic magma transport in dykes at depths of 8-19 km: Evidences from crustal xenoliths and numerical modelling. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 296: 69-79. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.02.013
    2011

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Leeuwen T. van, Kriegsman L., Tol J. van, Schokkenbroek J. 2011. The changing role of Museums in the global scientific landscape. Proceedings of Issi 2011: The 13th Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics, Vol. 1 and 2 2: 381-391.
    2010

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    2008

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Alvarez-Valero A.M., Kriegsman L.M. 2008. Partial crustal melting beneath the Betic Cordillera (SE Spain): The case study of Mar Menor volcanic suite. Lithos 101 (34) : 379-396. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2007.08.016
    2007

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Alvarez-Valero A.M., Cesare B., Kriegsman L.M. 2007. Formation of spinel-cordierite-feldspar-glass coronas after garnet in metapelitic xenoliths: Reaction modelling and geodynamic implications. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 25 (3) : 305-320. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2007.00690.x
    Alvarez-Valero A.M., Kriegsman L.M. 2007. Crustal thinning and mafic underplating beneath the Neogene Volcanic Province (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain): evidence from crustal xenoliths. Terra Nova 19 (4) : 266-271. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.2007.00745.x
    2005

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Alvarez-Valero A.M., Cesare B., Kriegsman L.M. 2005. Formation of elliptical garnet in a metapelitic enclave by melt-assisted dissolution and reprecipitation. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 23 (2) : 65-74. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2005.00562.x
    2004

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Nystrom A.I., Whitehouse M.J., Kriegsman L.M. 2004. Oxygen isotopes in garnets from pelitic migmatites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68 (11) : A668-A668.
    Alvarez-Valero A.M., Kriegsman L.M., Cesare B. 2004. P-T paths in crustal enclaves: Examples from the Neogene Volcanic Province, Spain. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68 (11) : A665-A665.
    2003

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Nystrom A.I., Kriegsman L.M. 2003. Prograde and retrograde reactions, garnet zoning patterns, and accessory phase behaviour in SW Finland migmatites, with implications for geochronology. Geological Society: Special Publications 220: 213-230.
    Kriegsman L.M., Nystrom A.I. 2003. Melt segregation rates in migmatites: review and critique of common approaches. Geological Society: Special Publications 220: 203-212.
    2002

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Rajavuori L., Kriegsman L.M. 2002. Fluorine in orthoamphibole dominated Zn-Cu-Pb deposits: examples from Finland and Australia. Geological Society: Special Publications 204: 337-353.
    Cenki B., Kriegsman L.M., Braun I. 2002. Melt-producing and melt-consuming reactions in the Achankovil cordierite gneisses, South India. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 20 (6) : 543-561.
    2001

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Kriegsman L.M. 2001. Quantitative field methods for estimating melt production and melt loss. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth - Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy 26 (45) : 247-253.
    Braun I., Kriegsman L.M. 2001. Partial melting in crustal xenoliths and anatectic migmatites: A comparison. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth - Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy 26 (45) : 261-266.
    Kriegsman L.M. 2001. Prograde and retrograde processes in crustal melting from: Workshop on restite-melt and solid-vapour back reactions: Implications for petrology, tectonics, and ore forming processes Turku, Finland, 23-25 August 1999. Lithos 56 (1) : IX-XI.
    Kriegsman L.M. 2001. Partial melting, partial melt extraction and partial back reaction in anatectic migmatites. Lithos 56 (1) : 75-96.
    2000

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Vaisanen M., Manttari I., Kriegsman L.M., Holtta P. 2000. Tectonic setting of post-collisional magmatism in the Palaeoproterozoic Svecofennian Orogen, SW Finland. Lithos 54 (12) : 63-81.
    Bolder-Schrijver L.J.A., Kriegsman L.M., Touret J.L.R. 2000. Primary carbonate/CO2 inclusions in sapphirine-bearing granulites from central Sri Lanka. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 18 (3) : 259-269.
    1999

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Gool J.A.M. van, Kriegsman L.M., Marker M., Nichols G.T. 1999. Thrust stacking in the inner Nordre Stromfjord area, West Greenland - Significance for the tectonic evolution of the Palaeoproterozoic Nagssugtoqidian orogen. Precambrian Research 93 (1) : 71-86.
    Kriegsman L.M., Schumacher J.C. 1999. Petrology of sapphirine-bearing and associated granulites from central Sri Lanka. Journal of Petrology 40 (8) : 1211-1239.
    1998

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Kriegsman L.M., Hensen B.J. 1998. Back reaction between restite and melt: Implications for geothermobarometry and pressure-temperature paths. Geology 26 (12) : 1111-1114.
    1996

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Kriegsman L.M. 1996. Divariant and trivariant reaction line slopes in FMAS and CFMAS: Theory and applications. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 126 (12) : 38-50.
    1995

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Kriegsman L.M. 1995. The Pan-African event in East Antarctica: A view from Sri Lanka and the Mozambique Belt. Precambrian Research 75 (34) : 263-277.
    1994

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Kriegsman L.M. 1994. Evidence for a fold nappe in the high-grade basement of central Sri-Lanka - Terrane assembly in the Pan-African lower crust. Precambrian Research 66 (14) : 59-76.
    Kroner A., Kehelpannala K.V.W., Kriegsman L.M. 1994. Origin of compositional layering and mechanism of crustal thickening in the high-grade gneiss terrain of Sri-Lanka. Precambrian Research 66 (14) : 21-37.
    1989

    Journals SCI, peer-reviewed

    Kriegsman L.M., Aerden D.G.A.M., Bakker R.J., Denbrok S.W.J., Schutjens P.M.T.M. 1989. Variscan tectonometamorphic evolution of the eastern Lys-Caillaouas Massif, Central Pyrenees - evidence for late orogenic extension prior to peak metamorphism. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 68 (3) : 323-333.
    Kriegsman L.M. 1989. Structural geology of the Lys-Caillaouas Massif, Central Pyrenees - evidence for a large-scale recumbent-fold of late variscan age. Geodinamica Acta 3 (2) : 163-170.
    Kriegsman L.M. 1989. Deformation and metamorphism in the Trois Seigneurs Massif, Pyrenees - evidence against a rift setting for its Variscan evolution. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 68 (3) : 335-344.